Understanding Metastatic Breast Cancer and Available Treatments

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the advanced stage of breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast to other organs. Though not curable, effective treatments can help manage the disease and extend life expectancy.

Recognizing the Symptoms of MBC

Symptoms depend on where the cancer has spread:

• Bone Metastases: Persistent pain in the back, hips, or legs.
• Lung Metastases: Shortness of breath and chronic cough.
• Liver Metastases: Abdominal pain, swelling, and loss of appetite.
• Brain Metastases: Headaches, vision problems, memory issues, and seizures.
• Fatigue: A common issue resulting from cancer progression and treatment.
• Leg and Foot Swelling: Often caused by cancer or side effects of therapy.

MBC Prevalence and Disparities

From 2001 to 2021, approximately 260,000 cases of metastatic breast cancer were diagnosed in the U.S. The incidence increased from 5.8 to 7.9 cases per 100,000 women. African American women remain disproportionately affected, with a 40% higher mortality rate than white women.

Treatment Approaches for MBC

MBC treatment focuses on controlling tumor growth and managing symptoms:

1. CDK4/6 Inhibitors:

• Ibrance (palbociclib): Paired with hormone therapy to slow HR+/HER2- cancer growth.
• Verzenio (abemaciclib): Can be used alone or with hormone therapy.
• Kisqali (ribociclib): Helps improve survival rates.

2. HER2-Targeted Therapy:

• Nerlynx (neratinib): Effective for HER2-positive MBC.

3. Additional Treatments:

• Hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy may also be used, depending on individual needs.

Conclusion

Recognizing symptoms early and understanding treatment options are vital for managing metastatic breast cancer. Consulting a healthcare professional can help patients tailor their treatment plans to improve quality of life.