Metastatic Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Prevalence, and Treatment Options
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refers to breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast, most commonly affecting the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. Although it remains incurable, treatment advancements have significantly improved symptom management and survival rates.
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refers to breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast, most commonly affecting the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. Although it remains incurable, treatment advancements have significantly improved symptom management and survival rates.
Signs and Symptoms of MBC
The symptoms vary depending on the affected organ:
- Bones: Persistent pain, especially in the back, hips, and legs.
- Lungs: Shortness of breath, chronic coughing, and respiratory discomfort.
- Liver: Abdominal swelling, nausea, and appetite loss.
- Brain: Headaches, vision disturbances, memory impairment, or seizures.
- Fatigue: A common issue due to cancer progression or treatment.
- Leg and Foot Swelling: May result from cancer or treatment side effects.
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Between 2001 and 2021, breast cancer cases in the U.S. exceeded 4.6 million, with 5.6% classified as metastatic at diagnosis. Over time, incidence rates have increased, highlighting the need for improved detection and treatment. Racial disparities persist, with African American women facing a significantly higher mortality risk.
Current Treatment Options
Although MBC cannot be cured, treatment options can slow progression and enhance quality of life:
- CDK4/6 Inhibitors for HR+/HER2- MBC:
- Ibrance (palbociclib): Slows cell division to delay cancer spread.
- Verzenio (abemaciclib): Works similarly to Ibrance, offering effective disease control.
- Kisqali (ribociclib): Another targeted therapy for HR+/HER2- patients.
- HER2-Targeted Therapy for HER2-Positive MBC:
- Nerlynx (neratinib): Inhibits HER2 activity to slow tumor growth.
- Additional Therapies:
- Hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy may also be recommended depending on disease progression and patient response.
Conclusion
Early symptom recognition and prompt medical consultation are key to managing metastatic breast cancer. While the disease remains chronic, ongoing research continues to improve treatment options, helping patients maintain better health and quality of life.