Mesothelioma: What You Need to Know

Mesothelioma is an uncommon yet aggressive form of cancer that affects the mesothelium, the thin tissue layer covering various internal organs. It primarily develops in the lining of the lungs but can also impact the abdomen or heart. The primary cause of mesothelioma is prolonged exposure to asbestos, a once widely used industrial material. Unfortunately, due to its long latency period, mesothelioma is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making treatment challenging.

The leading cause of mesothelioma is asbestos exposure. Asbestos is a heat-resistant mineral that was extensively used in industries such as construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing. When asbestos fibers are inhaled, they become trapped in the lung lining, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which can eventually result in cancer. Occupational exposure is the most common cause, but people may also encounter asbestos in older homes or through secondary exposure from contaminated clothing.

The symptoms of mesothelioma can vary based on the location of the cancer, but commonly include:

• Persistent chest pain

• Difficulty breathing

• Chronic cough

• Extreme fatigue

• Unexplained weight loss

These symptoms often resemble other respiratory diseases, making early detection difficult. Individuals with a history of asbestos exposure should seek medical evaluation if they experience any of these symptoms.

To diagnose mesothelioma, doctors typically perform imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to identify abnormalities. A biopsy is then conducted to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Once diagnosed, the staging process helps determine how far the cancer has spread, which is crucial in planning the most effective treatment approach.

Mesothelioma treatment often involves a combination of therapies tailored to the patient’s condition. These include:

1. Surgery – Removing the tumor when possible

2. Chemotherapy – Using drugs to target cancer cells

3. Radiation therapy – Shrinking tumors and alleviating symptoms

Some patients may also qualify for experimental treatments through clinical trials, offering new hope in managing this disease.

The prognosis for mesothelioma largely depends on the cancer stage at diagnosis, as well as the patient’s age and overall health. Since it is usually detected late, treatment options become limited, leading to a low survival rate. The five-year survival rate remains around 10%, though early detection and advancements in treatment may improve outcomes.

The most effective way to prevent mesothelioma is to minimize asbestos exposure. Workers in high-risk industries should follow strict safety protocols, including wearing protective equipment. Homeowners should also be cautious when renovating older buildings, as asbestos-containing materials may still be present. Professional asbestos removal is essential to reducing health risks.

By raising awareness about asbestos exposure and early detection, the chances of preventing and managing mesothelioma can be significantly improved.