Identifying and Treating Metastatic Breast Cancer

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an advanced stage where cancer spreads beyond the breast to other organs like the bones, liver, lungs, or brain.

Early detection of symptoms is vital for effective management and improving quality of life. This article discusses the common signs of MBC and the treatments available.

Symptoms vary depending on the affected organ:

• Bone Pain: Persistent pain in the back, hips, or legs may indicate bone metastases.

• Respiratory Issues: Lung involvement can cause shortness of breath or a persistent cough.

• Abdominal Symptoms: Liver metastases may result in abdominal pain, swelling, or nausea.

• Neurological Changes: Brain metastases can lead to headaches, vision problems, or memory issues.

• Fatigue: A common symptom due to the cancer's impact and treatments.

• Swelling: Peripheral edema, often in the feet or legs, can occur due to cancer or its treatments.

Persistent symptoms should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider for evaluation.

MBC affects a significant number of breast cancer patients. From 2001 to 2021, 5.6% of new breast cancer cases in the U.S. were metastatic at diagnosis, with incidence rates increasing over time. About one-third of breast cancer cases eventually metastasize, with African American women experiencing a 40% higher mortality rate compared to white women.

While MBC is not curable, treatments can help manage symptoms and slow progression:

• Ibrance (Palbociclib): A CDK4/6 inhibitor used with hormone therapy for HR+, HER2-negative MBC. It can improve progression-free survival but may cause fatigue and lower white blood cell counts.

• Verzenio (Abemaciclib): Another CDK4/6 inhibitor effective for HR+, HER2-negative MBC. Side effects include diarrhea and fatigue.

• Kisqali (Ribociclib): Used with hormone therapy, it can extend progression-free survival but may cause nausea and elevated liver enzymes.

• Nerlynx (Neratinib): A tyrosine kinase inhibitor for HER2-positive MBC. It may improve outcomes but can lead to diarrhea and fatigue.

MBC presents significant challenges, but early symptom recognition and personalized treatments can enhance quality of life. Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to explore the best treatment options.