How to Treat Eosinophilic Asthma with Medication

Eosinophilic asthma is a form of asthma marked by elevated levels of a type of white blood cell known as eosinophils. These cells contribute to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult and triggering other asthma symptoms. While general asthma treatments address overall symptoms, there are specific medications designed to treat eosinophilic asthma. In this article, we explore the various medicines used for managing eosinophilic asthma and their effectiveness.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are a widely used class of medications for treating asthma, including eosinophilic asthma. They function by reducing inflammation in the airways, easing breathing. Corticosteroids can be administered orally (in pills or liquids) or inhaled through devices such as inhalers. In more severe cases, they may also be delivered intravenously. For eosinophilic asthma, corticosteroids are typically used as a maintenance therapy to prevent asthma attacks rather than for immediate symptom relief. Oral corticosteroids may cause side effects like weight gain, mood changes, and a higher risk of infections. Inhaled corticosteroids generally present fewer side effects but may still lead to throat irritation or hoarseness.

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are the primary method of asthma treatment. They are taken via an inhaler, which turns the medicine into a mist that can be easily inhaled into the lungs. Inhaled medications used for eosinophilic asthma include:

• Beta-agonists: These medicines relax the muscles around the airways, offering quick relief during an asthma attack. However, they are not intended for long-term control. Possible side effects include increased heart rate and tremors.

• Anticholinergics: These drugs also relax airway muscles but have a slower onset compared to beta-agonists. They are often prescribed alongside other asthma medications. Common side effects include dry mouth and constipation.

• Leukotriene modifiers: These medications block leukotrienes, substances that contribute to airway inflammation. Usually taken in pill form, they may cause headaches and stomach discomfort.

Biologic Drugs

Biologic therapies represent a newer approach to treating asthma by targeting specific molecules involved in immune responses. Administered via injections or infusions, biologic drugs require a prescription and close medical supervision. Options for eosinophilic asthma include:

• Omalizumab: This biologic inhibits the immune system’s response to allergens, helping prevent asthma symptoms. It is typically prescribed for individuals with severe asthma who have not responded to other treatments. Possible side effects include reactions at the injection site and a higher risk of allergic responses.

• Mepolizumab: Targeting eosinophils directly, this medication helps lower their numbers in the blood, reducing asthma symptoms. Common side effects may include headache and reactions at the injection site.

• Benralizumab: Like mepolizumab, benralizumab focuses on reducing eosinophil levels but does so via a different mechanism. It is administered by injection every 4 to 8 weeks. Side effects may include fatigue and injection site reactions.

Effectiveness of Medicine for Eosinophilic Asthma

The success of treatment for eosinophilic asthma varies among individuals. Some people respond well to a single type of medication, while others may require a combination of therapies to control their symptoms. It is important to collaborate closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan. Overall, corticosteroids are generally the most effective at reducing airway inflammation and preventing attacks. Inhaled therapies and biologic drugs are also beneficial, although their effectiveness depends on factors like the severity of asthma and specific triggers.

In Conclusion

Eosinophilic asthma is a specialized form of asthma that demands targeted treatment. A variety of medications—including corticosteroids, inhaled therapies, and biologic drugs—can help control symptoms and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks. Working with a healthcare professional is key to finding the most suitable treatment plan tailored to an individual’s needs. If you or someone you know has eosinophilic asthma, it is important to seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and management.